Compare Mozambique (2002) - Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2002)

Compare Mozambique (2002) z Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2002)

	Mozambique (2002)	Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2002)

Administrative divisions	10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), 1 city; Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Maputo City, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Age structure	0-14 years: 42.5% (male 4,162,413; female 4,176,295) 15-64 years: 54.7% (male 5,313,511; female 5,407,052) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 227,761; female 320,487) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA%
Agriculture - products	cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (tapioca), corn, coconuts, sisal, citrus and tropical fruits, potatoes, sunflowers; beef, poultry	fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products
Airports	166 (2001)	5 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 22 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 5 (2002)	total: 2 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 143 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 16 914 to 1,523 m: 35 under 914 m: 91 (2002)	total: 3 3 under 914 m: 3 (2002)
Area	total: 801,590 sq km land: 784,090 sq km water: 17,500 sq km	total: 12,173 sq km land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands
Area - comparative	slightly less than twice the size of California	slightly smaller than Connecticut
Background	Almost five centuries as a Portuguese colony came to a close with independence in 1975. Large-scale emigration by whites, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the country's development. The ruling party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free market economy. A UN-negotiated peace agreement with rebel forces ended the fighting in 1992. Heavy flooding in both 1999 and 2000 severely hurt the economy.	Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982.
Birth rate	36.41 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	NA births/1,000 population
Budget	revenues: $393.1 million expenditures: $1.025 billion, including capital expenditures of $479.4 million (2001 est.)	revenues: $66.2 million expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million
Capital	Maputo	Stanley
Climate	tropical to subtropical	cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate
Coastline	2,470 km	1,288 km
Constitution	30 November 1990	3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Mozambique conventional short form: Mozambique local long form: Republica de Mocambique local short form: Mocambique former: Portuguese East Africa	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Currency	metical (MZM)	Falkland pound (FKP)
Death rate	25.13 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external	$1 billion (2001 est.)	$NA
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Sharon P. WILKINSON embassy: Avenida Kenneth Kuanda 193, Maputo mailing address: P. O. Box 783, Maputo telephone: [258] (1) 492797 FAX: [258] (1) 490448	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Armando PANGUENE chancery: 1990 M Street NW, Suite 570, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 293-7146 FAX: [1] (202) 835-0245	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Disputes - international	none	claimed by Argentina
Economic aid - recipient	$632.8 million (2001)	none
Economy - overview	At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. Socialist mismanagement and a brutal civil war from 1977-92 exacerbated the situation. In 1988, the government embarked on a series of dramatic macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy and reduce government participation. These steps combined with the political stability that has prevailed since the 1994 multi-party elections have led to dramatic improvements in the country's growth rate fueled by foreign and domestic investments and donor assistance. Inflation was brought to single digits during the same period, although it has returned to double digits in 2000 and 2001. Foreign exchange rates have remained relatively stable. Fiscal reforms, including the introduction of a value-added tax and reform of the customs service, have improved the government's revenue collection abilities. In spite of these gains, Mozambique remains dependent upon foreign assistance for much of its annual budget, and the majority of the population remains below the poverty line. Subsistence agriculture continues to employ the vast majority of the country's workforce. A substantial trade imbalance persists, although it has diminished with the opening of the MOZAL aluminum smelter, the country's largest foreign investment project. Additional investment projects in titanium extraction/processing and garment manufacturing should further close the import/export gap. Mozambique's once substantial foreign debt has been reduced through forgiveness and rescheduling under the IMF's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Enhanced HIPC initiatives, and is now at a manageable level.	The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. The second largest source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost.
Electricity - consumption	925.81 million kWh (2000)	11.2 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports	5.7 billion kWh (2000)	0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports	100 million kWh (2000)	0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production	7.017 billion kWh (2000)	12 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 4% hydro: 96% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Monte Binga 2,436 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m
Environment - current issues	a long civil war and recurrent drought in the hinterlands have resulted in increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters; elephant poaching for ivory is a problem	overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	indigenous tribal groups 99.66% (Shangaan, Chokwe, Manyika, Sena, Makua, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08%	British
Exchange rates	meticais per US dollar - 23,314.2 (January 2002), 20,703.6 (2001), 15,447.1 (2000), 13,028.6 (1999), 12,110.2 (1998), 11,772.6 (1997) note: effective October 2000, the exchange rate is determined as the weighted average of buying and selling exchange rates of all transactions of commercial banks and stock exchanges with the public; meticais is the plural form of metical	Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.6981 (January 2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch	chief of state: President Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO (since 6 November 1986); note - before being popularly elected, CHISSANO was elected president by Frelimo's Central Committee on 4 November 1986 (reelected by the Committee 30 July 1989) head of government: Prime Minister Pascoal MOCUMBI (since 17 December 1994) cabinet: Cabinet elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 3-5 December 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO reelected president; percent of vote - Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO 52.29%, Afonso DHLAKAMA 47.71%	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor Howard PEARCE (since 3 December 2002); Chief Executive A. M. GURR (since NA); Financial Secretary D. F. HOWATT (since NA) cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch
Exports	$746 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)	$7.6 million (1995)
Exports - commodities	prawns 40%, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity (2000)	wool, hides, meat
Exports - partners	South Africa 12.7%, Zimbabwe 12.2%, Spain 10.6%, Portugal 10.0% (2000)	UK, Japan, Chile, NZ
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book	blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms in a white disk centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT
GDP	purchasing power parity - $17.5 billion (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $52 million (1996 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 33% industry: 25% services: 42% (2000 est.)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $900 (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $19,000
GDP - real growth rate	9.2% (2001 est.)	1%
Geographic coordinates	18 15 S, 35 00 E	51 45 S, 59 00 W
Geography - note	the Zambezi flows through the north-central and most fertile part of the country	deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season
Highways	total: 30,400 km paved: 5,685 km unpaved: 24,715 km (1996)	total: 550 km paved: at least 50 km unpaved: NA (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 3% highest 10%: 32% (1996-97)	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	Southern African transit point for South Asian hashish, South Asian heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa); corruption and poor regulatory capability makes the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center	-
Imports	$1.254 billion c.i.f. (2001 est.)	$24.7 million (1995)
Imports - commodities	machinery and equipment, mineral products, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs, textiles (2000)	fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing
Imports - partners	South Africa 33.5%, Portugal 4.8%, US 4.2%, Australia 3.8% (2000)	UK, Japan, Chile, NZ
Independence	25 June 1975 (from Portugal)	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Industrial production growth rate	3.4% (2000)	NA%
Industries	food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), petroleum products, textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco	wool and fish processing; sale of stamps and coins; tourism
Infant mortality rate	138.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	NA deaths/1,000 live births
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	10% (2001 est.)	3.6% (1998) (1998)
International organization participation	ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNTAET, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO	ICFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	11 (2002)	2 (2000)
Irrigated land	1,070 sq km (1998 est.)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (the court of final appeal; some of its professional judges are appointed by the president and some are elected by the Assembly); other courts include an Administrative Court, customs courts, maritime courts, courts marshal, labor courts note: although the constitution provides for the creation of a separate Constitutional Court, one has never been established; in its absence the Supreme Court reviews constitutional cases	Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction
Labor force	7.4 million (1997 est.)	1,100 (est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 81%, industry 6%, services 13% (1997 est.)	agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing)
Land boundaries	total: 4,571 km border countries: Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 3.98% permanent crops: 0.29% other: 95.73% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (1998 est.)
Languages	Portuguese (official), indigenous dialects	English
Legal system	based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law	English common law
Legislative branch	unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote on a secret ballot to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 3-5 December 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - Frelimo 48.54%, Renamo-UE 38.81%; seats by party - Frelimo 133, Renamo-UE 117 note: Renamo-UE ran as a multiparty coalition; none of the other opposition parties received the 5% required to win parliamentary seats; in September 2000, Renamo-UE member Raul DOMINGOS was expelled from the party, he continues to hold his parliamentary seat as an independent	unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held NA November 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8; note - 71% voter turnout
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 35.46 years male: 36.25 years female: 34.65 years (2002 est.)	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 42.3% male: 58.4% female: 27% (1998 est.)	-
Location	Southern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina
Map references	Africa	South America
Maritime claims	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	continental shelf: 200 NM exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,125 GRT/7,024 DWT ships by type: cargo 3 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 2 (2002 est.)	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	Army, Naval Command, Air and Air Defense Forces, Special Forces, Militia	British Forces Falkland Islands no regular indigenous military forces; (includes Army, Royal Air Force, and Royal Navy), Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$35.1 million (2000 est.)	$NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1% (2000 est.)	NA%
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 4,711,318 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 2,720,583 (2002 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 25 June (1975)	Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)
Nationality	noun: Mozambican(s) adjective: Mozambican	noun: Falkland Islander(s) adjective: Falkland Island
Natural hazards	severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods occur in central and southern provinces	strong winds persist throughout the year
Natural resources	coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite	fish, wildlife
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Pipelines	crude oil 306 km; petroleum products 289 km note: not operating	-
Political parties and leaders	Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or Frelimo [Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO, president]; Mozambique National Resistance-Electoral Union (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana-Uniao Eleitoral) or Renamo-UE [Afonso DHLAKAMA, president]	none; all independents
Political pressure groups and leaders	Institute for Peace and Democracy (Instituto para Paz e Democracia) or IPADE [Raul DOMINGOS, president]; Etica [Abdul CARIMO Issa, chairman]; Movement for Peace and Citizenship (Movimento para Paz e Cidadania); Mozambican League of Human Rights (Liga Mocambicana dos Direitos Humanos) or LDH [Alice MABOTE, president]; Human Rights and Development (Direitos Humanos e Desenvolvimento) or DHD [Artemisia FRANCO, secretary general]	none
Population	19,607,519 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected; the 1997 Mozambican census reported a population of 16,099,246 (July 2002 est.)	2,967 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	70% (2001 est.)	NA%
Population growth rate	1.13% (2002 est.)	2.44% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Beira, Inhambane, Maputo, Nacala, Pemba, Quelimane	Stanley
Radio broadcast stations	AM 13, FM 17, shortwave 11 (2001)	AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	730,000 (1997)	1,000 (1997)
Railways	total: 3,131 km narrow gauge: 2,988 km 1.067-m gauge; 143 km 0.762-m gauge (2001)	0 km
Religions	indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 30%, Muslim 20%	primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	-
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: fair system but not available generally (telephone density is only 3.5 telephones for each 1,000 persons) domestic: the system consists of open-wire lines and trunk connection by microwave radio relay and tropospheric scatter international: satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean)	general assessment: NA domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries
Telephones - main lines in use	90,000 (December 2001)	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	100,000 (June 2001 est)	NA
Television broadcast stations	1 (2001)	2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service) note: cable television is available in Stanley (2002)
Terrain	mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west	rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains
Total fertility rate	4.71 children born/woman (2002 est.)	NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate	21% (1997 est.)	full employment; labor shortage
Waterways	3,750 km (navigable routes)	none

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